France – The Red Clarion

Niger army spokesman Colonel-Major Amadou Abdramane speaks on behalf of General Tchiani during an appearance on national television, after President Mohamed Bazoum was held in the presidential palace in Niamey, Niger, July 26, 2023 [ORTN via Reuters TV]

France’s Colonial Grip on Africa is Weakening

July 31, 2023 Pariah 0

The July 26th coup in Niger is only the latest in a series of attacks against France’s imperial domination of West African nations.

France and the Second Revolution

July 2, 2023 Cde. J. Katsfoter 0

On Tuesday, June 27, 2023, French police in Nanterre, a suburb of Paris, murdered Naël Merzouk, a 17-year-old boy of Algerian-Moroccan descent, in cold blood.

Revolutionary History: The Commune is Dead — Long Live the Commune!

May 30, 2023 Cde. J. Katsfoter 0

152 years ago, the city of Paris threw off the shackles of the reactionary government of France and repudiated the conservative political order.

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Celeste","link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/celeste\/"},"date":"Jan 28, 2025","dateGMT":"2025-01-28 17:57:55","modifiedDate":"2025-01-30 10:52:34","modifiedDateGMT":"2025-01-30 15:52:34","commentCount":"0","commentStatus":"open","categories":{"coma":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/feat-lr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Featured Long-Reads<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/indigenous\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Indigenous Peoples<\/a>","space":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/feat-lr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Featured Long-Reads<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/indigenous\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Indigenous Peoples<\/a>"},"taxonomies":{"post_tag":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/australia\/' rel='post_tag'>australia<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/canada\/' rel='post_tag'>Canada<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/colonial-chauvinism\/' rel='post_tag'>colonial chauvinism<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/israel\/' rel='post_tag'>Israel<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/settler-colonialism-2\/' rel='post_tag'>settler colonialism<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/united-states\/' rel='post_tag'>united states<\/a>","author":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/cde-alex-reid\/' rel='author'>Cde. Alex Reid<\/a>"},"readTime":{"min":21,"sec":22},"status":"publish","excerpt":"These lands are actively occupied. They were not acquired through fair and conventional warfare, but through the distinctly unfair practice of genocide, targeting mostly women and children. This genocide was and is waged by coerced treaties, active war, deprivation of resources, chemical and biological agents, ethnic cleansing, and more treaties. These practices have certified these regimes as apartheid states."},{"id":3762,"link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/2024-12-07-a-fetus-on-the-dirt-road-against-imperial-feminisms-claims-of-mass-rape-and-exploring-the-theory-of-sepulcherality\/","name":"2024-12-07-a-fetus-on-the-dirt-road-against-imperial-feminisms-claims-of-mass-rape-and-exploring-the-theory-of-sepulcherality","thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fetusondirtroad-scaled.jpg","alt":""},"title":"A Fetus on the Dirt Road: Against Imperial Feminisms, Claims of Mass Rape, and Exploring the Theory of Sepulcherality","author":{"name":"Cde. Celeste","link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/celeste\/"},"date":"Dec 7, 2024","dateGMT":"2024-12-07 16:40:00","modifiedDate":"2024-12-17 10:05:33","modifiedDateGMT":"2024-12-17 15:05:33","commentCount":"0","commentStatus":"open","categories":{"coma":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/feat-lr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Featured Long-Reads<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Long-Reads<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/struggle\/polemic\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Polemic<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/women-and-lgbt\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Women and LGBT<\/a>","space":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/feat-lr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Featured Long-Reads<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Long-Reads<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/struggle\/polemic\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Polemic<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/women-and-lgbt\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Women and LGBT<\/a>"},"taxonomies":{"post_tag":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/anti-imperialism\/' rel='post_tag'>anti-imperialism<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/feminism\/' rel='post_tag'>feminism<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/materialist-feminism\/' rel='post_tag'>materialist feminism<\/a>","author":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/cde-khadija\/' rel='author'>Cde. Khadija<\/a>"},"readTime":{"min":46,"sec":43},"status":"publish","excerpt":""},{"id":3535,"link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/2024-07-15-state-of-control\/","name":"2024-07-15-state-of-control","thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/img_4328-1.jpg","alt":""},"title":"State of Control: Phoenix and the American Fascists","author":{"name":"Cde-Editor Katsfoter","link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/kestar\/"},"date":"Jul 15, 2024","dateGMT":"2024-07-15 16:33:58","modifiedDate":"2024-07-15 12:33:58","modifiedDateGMT":"2024-07-15 16:33:58","commentCount":"0","commentStatus":"open","categories":{"coma":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/counterprop\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Counterpropaganda<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/current-events\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Current Events<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/international\/asia-east\/\" rel=\"category tag\">East Asia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/fascism\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Fascism<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/feat-lr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Featured Long-Reads<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/north-america\/\" rel=\"category tag\">North America<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/us-gov\/\" rel=\"category tag\">U.S. Government<\/a>","space":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/counterprop\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Counterpropaganda<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/current-events\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Current Events<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/international\/asia-east\/\" rel=\"category tag\">East Asia<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/fascism\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Fascism<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/feat-lr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Featured Long-Reads<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/north-america\/\" rel=\"category tag\">North America<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/us-gov\/\" rel=\"category tag\">U.S. Government<\/a>"},"taxonomies":{"post_tag":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/central-intelligence-agency\/' rel='post_tag'>Central Intelligence Agency<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/cop-city\/' rel='post_tag'>Cop City<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/department-of-homeland-security\/' rel='post_tag'>Department of Homeland Security<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/dhs\/' rel='post_tag'>DHS<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/domestic-gladio\/' rel='post_tag'>domestic GLADIO<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/federal-bureau-of-investigation\/' rel='post_tag'>Federal Bureau of Investigation<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/national-security-state\/' rel='post_tag'>national security state<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/phoenix\/' rel='post_tag'>Phoenix<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/phoenix-program\/' rel='post_tag'>Phoenix Program<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/u-s-empire\/' rel='post_tag'>U.S. Empire<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/vietnam\/' rel='post_tag'>Vietnam<\/a>","author":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/cde-j-katsfoter\/' rel='author'>Cde. J. Katsfoter<\/a>"},"readTime":{"min":22,"sec":1},"status":"publish","excerpt":"In reality, the Phoenix Program never went away. Now it is mushrooming up again as the Department of Homeland Security, militarized police, targeted murder of Black Lives Matter activists, and the not one but many Cop Cities springing up all over the United States."},{"id":3487,"link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/2024-07-05-towards-an-nyc-league\/","name":"2024-07-05-towards-an-nyc-league","thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png","alt":""},"title":"Towards a New York City League of Workers and Students","author":{"name":"Cde-Editor Katsfoter","link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/kestar\/"},"date":"Jul 5, 2024","dateGMT":"2024-07-05 20:46:03","modifiedDate":"2024-07-05 18:22:34","modifiedDateGMT":"2024-07-05 22:22:34","commentCount":"0","commentStatus":"open","categories":{"coma":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/feat-lr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Featured Long-Reads<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/struggle\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Struggle<\/a>","space":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/feat-lr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Featured Long-Reads<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/struggle\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Struggle<\/a>"},"taxonomies":{"post_tag":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/analysis\/' rel='post_tag'>analysis<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/marxism-leninism\/' rel='post_tag'>Marxism-Leninism<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/new-york-city\/' rel='post_tag'>New York City<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/organization\/' rel='post_tag'>organization<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/organizing\/' rel='post_tag'>Organizing<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/struggle\/' rel='post_tag'>struggle<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/study-group\/' rel='post_tag'>Study Group<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/study-guide\/' rel='post_tag'>study guide<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/theory\/' rel='post_tag'>theory<\/a>","author":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/cde-j-katsfoter\/' rel='author'>Cde. J. Katsfoter<\/a>"},"readTime":{"min":47,"sec":34},"status":"publish","excerpt":"This document represents only the first step in a plan to ground our analysis, as a movement, firmly in reality, and to depart from the bourgeois mythmaking."}]

[{"id":2914,"link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/2024-02-22-cpusa-hypocrisy\/","name":"2024-02-22-cpusa-hypocrisy","thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/SAM.png","alt":""},"title":"A True Accounting of the CPUSA In Its Members Own Words","author":{"name":"Cde-Editor Katsfoter","link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/kestar\/"},"date":"Feb 22, 2024","dateGMT":"2024-02-22 13:22:00","modifiedDate":"2024-02-29 09:42:48","modifiedDateGMT":"2024-02-29 14:42:48","commentCount":"2","commentStatus":"open","categories":{"coma":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/feat-lr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Featured Long-Reads<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Long-Reads<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/north-america\/\" rel=\"category tag\">North America<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/history\/red-history\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Revolutionary History<\/a>","space":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/feat-lr\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Featured Long-Reads<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/long-reads\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Long-Reads<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/north-america\/\" rel=\"category tag\">North America<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/history\/red-history\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Revolutionary History<\/a>"},"taxonomies":{"post_tag":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/cointelpro\/' rel='post_tag'>COINTELPRO<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/communism\/' rel='post_tag'>Communism<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/cpusa\/' rel='post_tag'>CPUSA<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/democratic-party\/' rel='post_tag'>Democratic Party<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/fbi\/' rel='post_tag'>FBI<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/revisionism\/' rel='post_tag'>Revisionism<\/a>","author":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/cde-g-gracchus\/' rel='author'>Cde. 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Gracchus<\/a>"},"readTime":{"min":22,"sec":13},"status":"publish","excerpt":"Exploring an anti-democratic organization designed to stifle the Communist movement."},{"id":1911,"link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/2023-05-30-the-commune\/","name":"2023-05-30-the-commune","thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Hotel-de-Ville.jpg","alt":""},"title":"Revolutionary History: The Commune is Dead \u2014 Long Live the Commune!","author":{"name":"Cde-Editor Katsfoter","link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/kestar\/"},"date":"May 30, 2023","dateGMT":"2023-05-30 11:47:57","modifiedDate":"2023-06-07 22:18:31","modifiedDateGMT":"2023-06-08 02:18:31","commentCount":"0","commentStatus":"open","categories":{"coma":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/international\/europe\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Europe<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/int-com\/\" rel=\"category tag\">International Communism and Social Revolution<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/history\/red-history\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Revolutionary History<\/a>","space":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/international\/europe\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Europe<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/tags\/int-com\/\" rel=\"category tag\">International Communism and Social Revolution<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/history\/red-history\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Revolutionary History<\/a>"},"taxonomies":{"post_tag":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/commune\/' rel='post_tag'>Commune<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/france\/' rel='post_tag'>France<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/theory\/' rel='post_tag'>theory<\/a>","author":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/cde-j-katsfoter\/' rel='author'>Cde. J. Katsfoter<\/a>"},"readTime":{"min":38,"sec":4},"status":"publish","excerpt":"152 years ago, the city of Paris threw off the shackles of the reactionary government of France and repudiated the conservative political order."},{"id":1757,"link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/5-1-23-rev-history-haymarket\/","name":"5-1-23-rev-history-haymarket","thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/image-asset.jpeg","alt":""},"title":"Revolutionary History: The Haymarket Massacre and the Origins of May Day","author":{"name":"Cde-Editor Katsfoter","link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/kestar\/"},"date":"May 1, 2023","dateGMT":"2023-05-01 10:51:00","modifiedDate":"2023-05-01 08:07:05","modifiedDateGMT":"2023-05-01 12:07:05","commentCount":"1","commentStatus":"open","categories":{"coma":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/north-america\/lakes\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Great Lakes (Midwest)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/history\/red-history\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Revolutionary History<\/a>","space":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/north-america\/lakes\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Great Lakes (Midwest)<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/history\/red-history\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Revolutionary History<\/a>"},"taxonomies":{"post_tag":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/19th-century\/' rel='post_tag'>19th Century<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/anarchist\/' rel='post_tag'>Anarchist<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/chicago\/' rel='post_tag'>Chicago<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/communist\/' rel='post_tag'>Communist<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/haymarket\/' rel='post_tag'>Haymarket<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/may-1\/' rel='post_tag'>May 1<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/revolutionary-history\/' rel='post_tag'>Revolutionary History<\/a><a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/tag\/socialist\/' rel='post_tag'>Socialist<\/a>","author":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/cde-j-katsfoter\/' rel='author'>Cde. J. Katsfoter<\/a>"},"readTime":{"min":24,"sec":4},"status":"publish","excerpt":"Eight men \u2014 socialist and anarchist leaders \u2014 stood accused. The trial, Illinois v. Spies et al., started on June 21, 1886, and went on until August 11. The judge was openly hostile to the defendants. No union members or anyone with socialist sympathies was permitted to be seated on the jury. The jury returned eight guilty verdicts. The judge sentenced all but one man to be hanged."},{"id":1149,"link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/rh-babeuf\/","name":"rh-babeuf","thumbnail":{"url":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Conjuration_des_egaux-scaled.jpeg","alt":""},"title":"Revolutionary History: Babeuf and the Conspiracy of Equals, 1796","author":{"name":"Cde-Editor Katsfoter","link":"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/kestar\/"},"date":"Nov 29, 2022","dateGMT":"2022-11-29 15:00:00","modifiedDate":"2022-12-05 23:23:31","modifiedDateGMT":"2022-12-06 04:23:31","commentCount":"0","commentStatus":"open","categories":{"coma":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/international\/europe\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Europe<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/history\/red-history\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Revolutionary History<\/a>","space":"<a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/\" rel=\"category tag\">All Content<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/global\/international\/europe\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Europe<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/category\/all-content\/history\/red-history\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Revolutionary History<\/a>"},"taxonomies":{"post_tag":"","author":"<a href='https:\/\/clarion.unity-struggle-unity.org\/author\/cde-j-katsfoter\/' rel='author'>Cde. J. Katsfoter<\/a>"},"readTime":{"min":16,"sec":39},"status":"publish","excerpt":"A radical faction attempted to carry the French Revolution into an egalitarian utopia. Although they failed, their conspiracy would inspire revolutionaries for centuries to come, including Marx and Lenin."}]